Abutilon theophrasti

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Distribution Map: Based on vouchered plant specimens only. View county names by placing the mouse cursor over a particular county.

Species Distribution Map
Family:MALVACEAE
Species:Abutilon theophrasti Medik.
Common Name:Velvet Leaf; Indian Mallow; Butter Print
Habitat:Disturbed sites.
Associated Ecological Communities:**
Growth Habit:Herb
Duration:Annual
Category:Vascular
USDA Symbol:**
Plant Notes:Butter Print is an introduced herbaceous annual in the Hibiscus family (Malvaceae). It is native to southern Asia. In Alabama it can be found statewide but is most common in the Tennessee Valley. Butter Print occurs in fields, in pastures, on roadsides, and in other disturbed areas. It is an annual with a tap root. Stems are erect, 2-7 feet in height, green in color, round in cross section, and stellate pubescent. The stems are branched mostly from the lower nodes. Leaves are alternate, petiolate, ovate to cordate in outline, with crenate margins. The leaves are softly pubescent. Flowers are solitary from the axils of the leaves. Each flower has 5 pubescent sepals, 5 yellow-orange petals, and numerous yellow stamens. The fruit is a schizocarp. Butter Print was introduced into the United States in the 18th century as a possible source of jute and bast. It is considered a noxious weed in areas of the Northeastern and Midwestern United States, especially in cotton, corn, and soybeans. The seed may remain dormant in the soil for as long as 20 years. The common names “Butter Print” and “Pie Marker” refer to use of the dried fruit to stamp butter or pies, forming a flower-like design.--A. Diamond
Taxonomic Notes:**
Status:Not Native, FACU- (NWI), GNR (Global Rank)
References:**

** Not applicable or data not available.

Classification

FamilyMALVACEAE - Mallow family
Genus Abutilon
Species Abutilon theophrasti Medik. - Velvet Leaf; Indian Mallow; Butter Print

Citation

Citation Abutilon theophrasti Medikus, Malvenfam. 28. 1787.
Basionym: REPLACED: Sida abutilon L. 1753.
Type: Cult. in Netherlands, without data, Herb. Clifford 346(4) (lectotype: BM). Lectotypified by Borssum Waalkes, Blumea 14: 167. 1966.

** Not applicable or data not available.

Synonyms

SynonymFull CitationBasionymType
Abutilon avicennae Abutilon avicennae Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 251. 1791, nom. illegit.Abutilon theophrasti Medikus 1787; Sida abutilon Linnaeus 1753. 
Abutilon pubescens Abutilon pubescens Moench, Methodus 620. 1794, nom. illegit.Abutilon theophrasti Medikus 1787; Sida abutilon Linnaeus 1753. 
Malva abutilon Malva abutilon (Linnaeus) E. H. L. Krause, in Sturm, Fl. Deutschl., ed. 2. 6: 237. 1902.Sida abutilon Linnaeus 1753. 
Sida abutilon Sida abutilon Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 685. 1753. Cult. in Netherlands, without data, Herb. Clifford 346(4) (lectotype: BM). Lectotypified by Borssum Waalkes, Blumea 14: 167. 1966.
Abutilon abutilon Abutilon abutilon (Linnaeus) Huth, Helios 11: 132. 1893, nom. inadmiss.Abutilon theophrasti Medikus 1787; Sida abutilon Linnaeus 1753. 

Specimens and Distribution

This species has been reported in the following counties by the herbaria listed. An overview of the individual specimens are provided in the table that follows. Click on the accession number to view details; click on column headers to sort; choose a county or herbaria to filter the specimen data.

Counties included on distribution map: Blount, Calhoun, Clay, Colbert, Cullman, Dale, Geneva, Jackson, Lauderdale, Lawrence, Limestone, Lowndes, Madison, Marengo, Marshall, Morgan, Tallapoosa, Walker

Counties represented by specimen data listed below:

Herbaria represented by specimen data listed below: ALNHS, AUA, JSU, TROY, UNA, UNAF, UWAL

Range of years during which specimens were collected: 1896 - 1998

Barcode / Accession No. County Coll. Date Collector &
Collection No.		 Herbarium &
Herbarium Name Used		 Image
UWAL0033505 Lawrence 09 Jul 2016 England, J. Kevin
6646		 UWAL
Abutilon theophrasti Medicus
AUA_ACC_214 Calhoun 16 Jul 1898 Andrews, Elizabeth F.
 AUA
Abutilon Theophrasti Medik.
TROY000043596 Marengo 25 Jul 2013 England, J. Kevin
4433		 TROY
Abutilon theophrasti Medicus
AUA_ACC_17352 Tallapoosa 9 Jul 1969 Thornhill, Randy
84		 AUA
Abutilon Theophrasti Medik.
UNA00010816 Clay 03 Aug 1896 Mohr, Charles
s.n.		 UNA
Abutilon theophrasti Medik.
ALNHS00007408 Madison 06 AUG 2021 Barger, T. Wayne
SP#5576		 ALNHS
Abutilon theophrasti Medik
UNAF0001679 Lauderdale 12 Jul 1991 Steward, Donald
s.n.		 UNAF
Abutilon theophrasti Medikus
JSU131987 Jackson 18 Sep 1998 Brodeur, Kristin R.
1407		 JSU
Abutilon theophrasti Medicus
UWAL0013699 Madison 02 Jul 2013 Keener, Brian R.
8011		 UWAL
Abutilon theophrasti Medik.
UWAL0039665 Lowndes 17 Jun 2018 Diamond, Alvin R.
28363		 UWAL
Abutilon theophrasti Medicus
UNAF0001680 Limestone 21 Jun 1990 Biles, Jim
010529		 UNAF
Abutilon theophrasti Medikus
JSU131988 Lawrence 26 May 1996 Whetstone, R. David
17939		 JSU
Abutilon theophrasti Medicus
AUA_ACC_215 Calhoun 16 Jul 1898 Andrews, Elizabeth F.
 AUA
Abutilon Theophrasti Medik.
UWAL0006742 Walker 20 Jul 2002 Keener, Brian R.
2287		 UWAL
Abutilon theophrasti Medik
UNA00058538 Blount 24 May 1998 Keener, Brian R.
1297		 UNA
Abutilon theophrasti Medik.
TROY000046457 Lowndes 17 Jun 2018 Diamond, Alvin R.
28363		 TROY
Abutilon theophrasti Medicus
UNA00010811 _ Jul _ Smith, Eugene A.
s.n.		 UNA
Abutilon theophrasti Medik.
UNAF0001682 Morgan 20 Jun 1990 Riechenberg, Chris
07931		 UNAF
Abutilon theophrasti Medikus
TROY000006968 Dale 14 Oct 2000 Pennington, Tiffany
1023		 TROY
Abutilon theophrasti Medicus
JSU131989 Limestone 27 Jun 1996 Whetstone, R. David
17910		 JSU
Abutilon theophrasti Medicus
TROY000046843 Madison 02 Jul 2013 Keener, Brian R.
8011		 TROY
Abutilon theophrasti Medicus
UNA00073698 Marengo 25 Jul 2013 England, J. Kevin
4433		 UNA
Abutilon theophrasti Medik.
UWAL0017429 Marengo 25 Jul 2013 England, J. Kevin
4433		 UWAL
Abutilon theophrasti Medicus
ALNHS00006876 Madison 18 Aug 2020 Finzel, Brian
SP#5283		 ALNHS
Abutilon theophrasti Medik.
JSU139040 Marshall 13 Jul 1996 Spaulding, Daniel D.
9046		 JSU
Abutilon theophrasti Medicus
UNAF0001681 Madison 17 Jul 1996 Taylor, Ben
s.n.		 UNAF
Abutilon theophrasti Medikus
JSU131986 Jackson 13 Aug 1998 Brodeur, Kristin R.
1181		 JSU
Abutilon theophrasti Medicus
AUA000043058 Cullman 13 Aug 1909 Wolf, Wolfgang
973		 AUA
Abutilon Theophrasti Medik.
UNA00045910 Geneva 29 May 1998 MacDonald, John R.
11298		 UNA
Abutilon theophrasti Medik.
UNAF0001678 Colbert 14 Jul 1991 Barnes, Keith
009173		 UNAF
Abutilon theophrasti Medikus
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